libreoffice basic programming guide pdf

Each of these documents may contain several spreadsheets. In LibreOffice, a table cell can be empty or contain text, numbers, or formulas. The method getTextTables() of the text document object is used for this purpose: Note: Note: They work in all applications of LibreOffice and help to significantly simplify formatting. The view of the control element can then be determined with the assistance of the model and using the document controller. Correspondingly, two different access methods are defined there for charts. The argument of the method is the position, counted from 0, of the existing page after which the new page will be inserted. You cannot modify the objects once they are in the group. The following example formats the B2 cell so that numbers are displayed with three decimal places and use commas as a thousands separator. A text field can contain one or more lines and can be edited or blocked for user entries. In addition to the listed properties, the com.sun.star.drawing.LineStyle service provides options for drawing dotted and dashed lines. LibreOffice Basic libraries contain classes, routines and variables, Python modules contain classes, functions and variables. There is no type declaration symbol for date variables. If the user clicks the Cancel button or closes the window, the. Java LibreOffice Programming (JLOP) is intended for programmers who want to learn how to use the Java version of the LibreOffice API. If you click a button that has this property set to the value of 1, the dialog is closed, and the Execute method of the dialog returns the value 1 (dialog sequence has been ended correctly). In VBA, the function also returns the names of the standard files so that further checking is needed to retrieve the directories only. The main property for single-color fills is: To use the fill mode, you must the FillStyle property to the SOLID fill mode. Note: Here are the central methods of the com.sun.star.table.XtableRows interface: Whereas the getByIndex and getCount methods are available in all tables, the insertByIndex and removeByIndex methods can only be used in tables that do not contain merged cells. It is therefore a simple alternative to configuring dialogs. The Object type designation should be used to declare an object variable: The call declares an object variable named Obj. More information about the available services, and their interfaces, methods and properties can be found in the reference for the LibreOffice API. In addition to single dimensional data fields, LibreOffice Basic also supports work with multi-dimensional data fields. The expression Doc.Sheets(0) is a Basic simplification of the API call: Doc.getSheets.getByIndex(0). The Statement object used to create the ResultSet provides some properties which allow the functions of the ResultSet to be influenced: The values defined in com.sun.star.sdbc.ResultSetConcurrency are: The com.sun.star.sdbc.ResultSetType group of constants provides the following specifications: Note: All the named objects return an object that supports the com.sun.star.sheet.HeaderFooterContent service. Example declarations for single variables: Double variables can store any positive or negative floating point numbers between 1.79769313486232 x 10308 and 4.94065645841247 x 10-324. The user can therefore, for example, change the font type of all level one headers by means of a central modification in the document. To ensure that the footer line is visible, the FooterIsOn property is set to True. However, this character set does not include a range of special characters used in Europe, such as , , and , as well as other character formats, such as the Cyrillic alphabet. If comments cover several lines, each line must be identified as a comment: A LibreOffice Basic program can contain dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of markers, which are names for variables, constants, functions, and so on. To do this, you first create a standard LibreOffice Writer or LibreOffice Calc form and then link the fields to a database. If nothing is assigned, the function returns a zero value (number 0 for numerical values and a blank for strings). If A is less than 3 (but not equal to zero), then B is assigned the value 1. This example shows how to connect to an existing data source. The LINE_TOP value of the VertOrient property ensures that the upper edge of the text frame is at the same height as the upper edge of the character. In the simplest scenario, a table control element is linked to a database using the autopilot form, which links all columns with the relevant database fields in accordance with the user specifications. LibreOffice forms may contain text fields, list boxes, radio buttons, and a range of other control elements, which are inserted directly in a text or spreadsheet. The True value of the IsDate property results in only the date and not time being displayed. Whereas the Document.Tables.Add method takes on the task of creating and setting the table in VBA, this is created in LibreOffice Basic in accordance with the previous example using createInstance, initialized, and inserted in the document through insertTextContent. VBA: Unlike VBA, where only the upper limit of the last dimension of a data field can be changed through Preserve, LibreOffice Basic lets you change other dimensions as well. A Const definition in the module header is available to the code in that module. In the second example, the page is accessed by its name and the getByName method. The functions for writing the HTML file, as well as a test code that checks the font weight of the corresponding text portions and provides paragraph portions in bold type with a corresponding HTML tag, have been added. The following example removes all the strings and the direct formatting information from the B2:C3 range. Note: This code determines the object for the MyButton control element and then initializes the Ctl object variable with a reference to the element. If you want to format the individual objects of a group, apply the formatting before you add them to the group. The Select Case statement evaluates the expression, which is TRUE or FALSE, and then compares that value to Var. This uses the query window to check the SQL commands typed and corrects simple syntax errors, such as those associated with uppercase and lowercase characters. If this is not the case, it must be determined using the preceding code. It returns the document object on which the macro is run. This service provides the following properties: When you format sheets, you can define whether page elements are visible. You can define modules to be global or part of a document. This procedure differs from VBA. The following example creates and inserts a rectangle in a drawing document: The Point and Size structures with the point of origin (left hand corner) and the size of the drawing object are then initialized. The InteractionHandler ensures that LibreOffice asks the user for the required login data. The variable can contain up to 15 numbers before the decimal point. To simplify access to the tables, LibreOffice, however, provides some methods which operate using columns. The insertByName line inserts the NewStyle style under the name of the same name in the ParagraphStyles object. If the corresponding sheet does not exist, it is created by the createInstance call and inserted in the spreadsheet document by the insertByName method. The Option Explicit switch should be included in all Basic modules. The regular expressions supported by LibreOffice are described in detail in the online help section for LibreOffice. And a title for the X-axis was added. More information about working with styles can be found in the '''#Default values for character and paragraph properties''' section in #Text Documents. The following properties are available in this context in the control elements model: Finally, the control element provides a setFocus method that ensures that the underlying control element receives the focus: A dialog in LibreOffice can have more than one tab page. If the center of a paragraph, for example, contains a word printed in bold, then it will be represented in LibreOffice by three paragraph portions: the portion before the bold type, then the word in bold, and finally the portion after the bold type, which is again depicted as normal. You can access individual pages either through their number or their name. The double array in the definition allows you to create complex shapes by merging several polygons. It could be for example, A247. This represents the content of a complete database table or query. The text field is then inserted in the document using the insertTextContent method. This is positioned between the first and second word of the text. XIndexContainer provides methods for inserting and removing elements. If it does, the method determines a corresponding object reference by using the getByName method and then saves the reference in a variable in Page. The service recognizes the following properties: If these settings are changed, then all of the pages in the document are affected. The return value is provided as a bit mask in which the following values are possible: The following example determines the bit mask of the test.txt file and checks whether this is read-only whether it is a directory. Since replacing parts of character sequences is one of the most frequently used functions, the Mid function in LibreOffice Basic has been extended so that this task is performed automatically. All formatting options for individual characters and paragraphs are therefore automatically available. All other characters are inserted as escape coding in the URLs. If a TextCursor contains a highlighted area, then this text is available by means of the String property of the TextCursor object. The second section concentrates on how to edit spreadsheets efficiently by focusing on cell areas and the options for searching and replacing cell contents. They can be displayed as 2D or 3D graphics (com.sun.star.chart.Dim3Ddiagramservice). The On Error instruction is the key to any error handling: The On Error Goto ErrorHandler line defines how LibreOffice Basic proceeds in the event of an error. The program now checks whether the ResultSet actually exists and traverses the data records using a loop. The definition will then be available to all routines in the module. The Dialog Editor: Creates personal dialog windows and provides scope for the adding of control elements and event handlers. Both the definition command, On Error, and the return command, Resume, are variants of the Goto construct. WaitUntil takes a parameter of type Date, with a combined date and time value. The previous examples are based on data fields of a specified dimension. This view shows not only the individual values, but also an overview of all the values. In a similar way to the search window, the settings needed for a search can be set in the SearchDescriptor object. These services are appropriate for applications in which the content of a text is to be edited in one pass through a loop. Note: If a decimal number is assigned to an integer variable, LibreOffice Basic rounds the figure up or down. Fill properties are combined in the com.sun.star.drawing.FillProperties service. The following properties are provided for pie and donut charts with the Diagram object: LibreOffice has an integrated database interface (independent of any systems) called Star Database Connectivity (SDBC). LibreOffice Basic lets you use whole numbered hexadecimal values, so long as they are preceded by &H. LibreOffice Basic also understands the octal system (base 8 system), which uses the numbers 0 to 7. . The top left cell is usually called A1 and the bottom right row is usually called Xn, where X stands for the letters of the top column and n for the numbers of the last row. This is useful when an array has changed its dimensions. Functions and procedures can only be called up if all the necessary parameters are passed during the call. A number of UNO objects support the supportsService method, with which you can establish whether an object supports a particular service. Routine tasks can therefore be automated in LibreOffice Basic, links can be made to other programs for example to a database server and complex activities can be performed at the press of a button by using predefined scripts. Furthermore, the following methods are provided through the view object of the list box: LibreOffice forms can be directly linked to a database. However, unlike the old Application object, StarDesktop is primarily responsible for opening new documents. LibreOffice Basic provides four functions that return partial strings, plus a length function: Unlike array subscripts, character positions in a string start with 1. The ASCII character set is a set of codes that represent numbers, characters, and special symbols by one byte. Using these parameters, the user can open a LibreOffice document, since placeholders (dummy values) can be assigned to the last two parameters: The preceding call opens the test.odt file and displays this in a new window. VBA: The VBA Click and Doubleclick events are not available in LibreOffice Basic. LibreOffice notes the SQL commands of queries so that they are available at all times. The properties of the text frame objects are set to the starting values required. Base Guides | LibreOffice Documentation - LibreOffice User Guides en / English documentation / Base Guides Base Guides Download PDF Buy a printed copy Guide Source Files Read in your browser Download PDF Buy a printed copy Download PDF Buy a printed copy Download PDF For detailed information check out our wiki page. For this purpose, LibreOffice provides several help objects, such as the TextCursor object, which extend beyond those specified in the first section. The properties of this service are: The following example creates a rectangle with a shadow that is vertically and horizontally offset from the rectangle by 2 millimeters. The Dialog Editor: Creates personal dialog windows and provides scope for the adding of control elements and event handlers. loadComponentFromURL supports the following options: The following example shows how a text file separated by a comma in LibreOffice Calc can be opened using the FilterName option. It is important that the name and position of a cell are not confused because row counting for names begins with 1 but the counting for position begins with 0. If you want to administer a numerical value (for example a database ID) in addition to the natural language text, you must create an auxiliary data field that administers in parallel to the list box. This list provides the following elements: You can also add the constants together to delete different information using a call from clearContents. The following example defines a procedure that expects an integer value A and a string B as parameters. When variable I equals 10, the loop stops. This call is only available provided that the data has not be re-written into the database using updateRow(). The associated com.sun.star.form.FormButtonType group of constants provides the following values: The OK and Cancel button types provided in dialogs are not supported in forms. This is because a paragraph in turn consists of individual sub-objects. The loop counter defines the number of times that the loop is to be executed. To split a string across two lines of code, add an ampersand sign (the concatenation operator) and the underscore continuation character at the end of the first line: To include a quotation mark (") in a string, enter it twice at the relevant point: LibreOffice Basic supports five basic types for processing numbers: Integer variables can store any whole number between -32768 and 32767. This reflects the content of a table or the result of a SQL-SELECT command. By means of a storeAsURL method option, the user can save the original XML files directly. If not, it creates the database connection required using the GetConnection call. The underscore must always be the last character in a linked line and cannot be followed by a space or a tab or a comment, otherwise the code generates an error. If you close a dialog by clicking the OK button, the Execute method returns a return value of 1, otherwise a value of 0 is returned. These include. The expression Dim MyArray(3) declares an array that has four variables of the variant data type, namely MyArray(0), MyArray(1), MyArray(2), and MyArray(3). The following example shows how to create a chart assigned to some cell ranges within a spreadsheet document: Although the code used in the example may appear to be complex, the central processes are limited to three lines. The following example uses the String property to display the first words of a sentence in a message box: The first word of each sentence can be modified in the same way using the String property: If the TextCursor contains a highlighted area, an assignment to the String property replaces this with the new text. The com.sun.star.style.PageProperties service defines the following properties of a pages background: The page format is defined using the following properties of the com.sun.star.style.PageProperties service: The following example sets the page size of the "Default" page style to the DIN A5 landscape format (height 14.8 cm, width 21 cm): The com.sun.star.style.PageProperties service provides the following properties for adjusting page margins as well as borders and shadows: The following example sets the left and right-hand borders of the "Default" page style to 1 centimeter. Bookmarks (Service com.sun.star.text.Bookmark) are TextContent objects. For more information about the LibreOffice API and the Software Development Kit, visit https://api.libreoffice.org. Note: These commands stop the procedure or function and return the program to the point at which the procedure or function was called up. The DrawPages container of a drawing document is also used to create and delete individual pages. The cell type is not determined by the content that is saved in the cell, but rather the object property which was used for its entry. The declaration. The functions responsible are insertByName, removeByName and replaceByName. Here are a few example calls for the named functions: LibreOffice Basic provides the InStr function for searching for a partial string within another string: The StringToFind parameter specifies the string to be searched for within MyString. The text frame is created using the createInstance method of the document object. This section, however, provides little information about the functions specified, but instead concentrates on the programming interface from SDBC, which allows for automated database querying and therefore permits a much greater range of applications to be used. The date is formatted here in accordance with the country-specific settings used on the system. The com.sun.star.sheet.TablePageStyle service is only used in LibreOffice Calc page styles and allows cell ranges that you want printed to be centered on the page. A complete list of all text fields is provided in the API reference in the com.sun.star.text.textfield module. The WaitUntil statement provides a greater degree of compatibility with VBA parameter usage. This gradually returns the individual paragraphs of the text in a loop. VBA: In terms of its concept, SDBC is comparable with the ADO and DAO libraries available in VBA. These provide the option of defining a variable search expression with placeholders and special characters rather than a fixed value. Apache OpenOffice - Official Site - The Free and Open Productivity Suite You can also create data sources and work with them using LibreOffice Basic. All objects that support the com.sun.star.text.Paragraph service also provide support for the paragraph properties in com.sun.star.style.ParagraphProperties. It accesses the array of models using the GetGroupByName method (rather than the GetByName method to determine simple models). For example, you can check whether a user has typed a valid number or date. In terms of their function, global variables are similar to public domain variables, except that their values are retained even after the associated macro has executed. If the directory contains sub-directories or files, these are also deleted. The easiest way to change a variable from one type to another is to use an assignment. stands for the decimal point symbol defined by the operating system in the country-specific settings. The following example creates a table with the help of the createInstance method described previously. The SQL language is provided as a query language for users of SDBC. These are presented in detail in the #Introduction to the LibreOffice API. The LibreOffice Developer's Guide describes the LibreOffice API in more detail than this guide, but is primarily intended for Java and C++ programmers. In addition to the methods and properties of control elements, both dialog and control element objects have a subordinate Model object. The error sources noted for implicit type conversions can only be avoided by careful programming; for example, by not using the variant data type. Whereas VBA uses the Document.Frames.Add method for this purpose, creation in LibreOffice Basic is performed using the previous procedure with the aid of a TextCursor as well as the createInstance method of the document object. To specify that a parameter is to be passed as a value, ensure that the ByVal keyword precedes the variable declaration in the function header. If the text of the paragraph is now changed using the paragraph's String property, then LibreOffice first deletes the old paragraph portions and inserts a new paragraph portion. Checkboxes provide the following properties: The model object of a checkbox provides the following properties: The following example shows some of the properties for the checkboxes: These buttons are generally used in groups and allow you to select from one of several options. For example, if only the C:\SubDir1 directory exists, then a call. The legend has a gray background color, is placed at the bottom of the chart, and has a character size of 7 points. Most charts in LibreOffice can also be displayed with 3D graphics. Here are the associated properties of the com.sun.star.util.SearchDescriptor service: Once the SearchDescriptor has been prepared as requested, it can be applied to the text document. Note: The code used in this example creates a Doc object that references the current presentation document and establishes the associated presentation object. Note: The following example creates a rectangle and tiles the Sky bitmap that is available in LibreOffice to fill the area of the rectangle: You can adjust the transparency of any fill that you apply. The method getByName() is mandatory, and should always be available. In general, and for styles in particular, you can access information within a template in the same way you would access the same information in the associated document type. Write it before the inner name, and separate it by a period: Since containers may hold other containers, you may need more than one qualifier. To do so, the method of formatting individual table cells must be used. This is called indirect formatting. The type declaration symbol for a long integer is &. (In the following examples, A > 10 represents any condition): As in the ForNext loop, the DoLoop also provides a terminate command. In addition to simple variables (scalars), LibreOffice Basic also supports arrays (data fields). The example code modifies the content in each of these paragraph portions using the String property of the string. LibreOffice Basic Macro Tutorials StarOffice (Basic) programmer's Tutorial, May 2000 LibreOffice API LibreOffice scripts make use of the LibreOffice API , documentation is available at: api.libreoffice.org OpenOffice.org 3.1 Developer's Guide Developer's Guide new home in LibreOffice wiki ScriptForge Library LibreOffice Programming If assignment is successful, the function returns True. To continue a program without an error message when an error occurs, use the following format: Use the On Error Resume Next command with caution as its effect is global. In dialogs, the distinction between data and depiction is not always as clear as in other API areas of LibreOffice. The previous example may change the text as requested, but it may sometimes also destroy the formatting. In the following example, both module A and B have a Private variable called C. The Test function first sets the Private variable in module A and then the Private variable in module B. You can also use plus (+) or minus (-) signs as prefixes for decimal numbers (again with or without spaces). com.sun.star.awt.UnoControlNumericalField, A currency field makes it possible to enter, display and edit currency values. From a routine called by an event of a control, e.g. For example, the methods and properties of the Z-axis, are available in 3D charts, but not in 2D charts, and in pie charts, there are no interfaces for working with axes. The control elements of dialogs and forms differ in several aspects. The runtime library: Provides standard functions which have no direct reference to LibreOffice, for example, functions for editing numbers, strings, date values, and files. The com.sun.star.text.TextTableRow service provides the following properties: Columns are accessed in the same way as rows, using the getByIndex, getCount, insertByIndex, and removeByIndex methods on the Column object, which is reached through getColumns. Correct handling of error situations is one of the most time-consuming tasks of programming. The On Error Goto 0 call at the end of the code resets the status information of the error (the error code in the Err system variables) so that an error occurring at a later date can be clearly recognized. A database connection is needed for access to a database. The query object is first created using the createUnoService call, then initialized, and then inserted into the QueryDefinitions object by means of insertByName. The functionality can, however, be imitated by using the IsBoolean function: The IsBoolean function defines an internal Dummy help variable of the Boolean type and tries to assign this to the transferred value. Building on this background, the following chapters will show how the API can be used to make LibreOffice do what you want it to do. In LibreOffice Basic, this is irrelevant. The following example changes the dimension of the initial array so that it can record 11 or 21 values: When you reset the dimensions of an array, you can use any of the options outlined in the previous sections. A special object which records the parameters for the process is also first needed for a replacement process. For example, headers or footers are added to the page style. In addition to the Name property used in the example, the com.sun.star.sdb.QueryDefinition provides a whole range of other properties. Clicking on this symbol opens a text field, in which a comment on the current point in the text can be recorded. If the file name contains sub-directories, then these are separated by a single forward slash, not with a backslash usually used under Windows. en The following example shows how a database context can be created and then used to determine the names of all data sources available. All occurrences of the name, The character $ marks a paragraph end. Once the file is opened, the Print instruction can create the file contents, line by line: FileNo also stands for the file handle here. The forms created in this way provide all the functions of a full database front end without requiring independent programming work. Anyone who has previously worked with other Basic languages in particular with Visual Basic or Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) from Microsoft will quickly become accustomed to LibreOffice Basic. As in the old API from LibreOffice, searching and replacing text in the new API is also performed using the document object. You can also use the com.sun.star.drawing.Text service to position and format text in drawing object. creates 4 integer variables which can be described with the expressions MyInteger(1), MyInteger(2), MyInteger(3), and MyInteger(4). You should also note the difference between text and numbers when you use formulas: Although cell A1 contains the value 100 and cell A2 contains the value 1000, the A1+A2 formula returns the value 100. Paragraphs provide their own Enumeration object for this purpose. = 1. In the preceding example, you can also assign the Step value of 0 to the dividing line as well as the Cancel, Prev, Next, and Done buttons to display these elements on all pages. Conversely, the CStr methods use the currently selected country-specific settings when formatting numbers, dates and time details. The assignments. Every chart has a background area. The TextCursor objects available in LibreOffice Basic should not, however, be confused with the visible cursor. Data sources provide a range of properties, which in turn provide general information about the origin of the data and information about access methods. first moves ten characters to the right without highlighting, and then moves back three characters and highlights this. In some cases the loop may only terminate when a condition is met within the loop. The core of a text document consists of a sequence of paragraphs. If this is true, the function ends the search. If there is another line inwards, it marks the transition to a filled area. This includes the distance of the paragraph from the edge of the page as well as line spacing. To do this, they are converted into their hexadecimal value in the UTF-8 set of characters and are preceded by a percent sign. Strictly speaking, there are no table columns in LibreOffice. This guide divides information about LibreOffice administration into several chapters. The following call determines the environment variables of the temporary directory of the operating system: LibreOffice objects and methods, such as paragraphs, spreadsheets, and fonts, are accessible to LibreOffice Basic through the LibreOffice application programming interface, or API. Two chart walls usually exist for 3D charts: one behind the plotted data and one as the left-hand or right-hand demarcation. LibreOffice provides a programming interface in the form of the Universal Network Objects (UNO). its spell checker, forms designer, and charting tools). One of these is used to query the value of the property and the other is issued to set it (get and set methods). A simple way is to declare it as a Private or Public variable common to the main dialog routine and the event routine. You can navigate through the control elements in any dialog by pressing the Tab key. A dialog editor is provided for creating dialogs, and this can be found in the LibreOffice Basic development environment. The page properties that only apply to spreadsheet documents are defined in the com.sun.star.sheet.TablePageStyle service. To make the definition available to other modules, add the Public keyword. The loop is terminated as soon as the hasMoreElements method returns the False value, signaling that the end of the text has been reached. There are passed through in turn in a loop. Finally the code sets the Label property of the control element to the New Label value. Data can either be displayed as 2D or 3D graphics, and the appearance of the chart elements can be individually adapted in a way similar to the process used for drawing elements. In LibreOffice Basic on the other hand, MkDir and RmDir can be used to create or delete levels of directories. Each cell supports the com.sun.star.style.CharacterProperties and com.sun.star.style.ParagraphProperties services, the main properties of which are described in #Text Documents. The following example also shows a correct declaration, but with negative data field limits: It declares an integer data field with 6 values that can be addressed using the indexes -10 to -5. These are two very different things. You do not need to use another program to create PDFs, unless your printing service requires you to do so. Depending on the system and configuration, various types of data are saved here. The names of the Basic modules (by default Module1, Module2, etc) are known by Basic on a public scope. It uses not only the Doc document object but also the DocCrl document controller object which makes reference to the current document window. The following example moves the B2:C3 range so that the range starts at position A6: In addition to the CellRangeAdress structure, the moveRange method expects a com.sun.star.table.CellAddress structure to define the origin of the move's target region. The outer loop refers to the paragraphs of the text. This chapter provides an introduction to the macro-controlled creation and editing of drawings and presentations. In the present version of LibreOffice, a visible StarDesktop is no longer used. In LibreOffice Basic, the formatting properties on the other hand are available directly, using the relevant objects (TextCursor, Paragraph, and so on). The example Dim MyIntArray(5, 5) As Integer defines an integer array with two dimensions, each with 6 indexes (can be addressed through the indexes 0 to 5). Many parts of LibreOffice Basic are identical to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications and Microsoft Visual Basic. This function is similar to the one that is used in text documents as described in #Text Documents. In general, Basic does not look inside a container, such as an Object, to see what names might be defined there. The following example replaces three characters with the string is from the sixth position of the MyString string. With the TypeEnd Type statements, you can define your own (non-UNO) structs: The Type definition is only a pattern or template, not a set of actual variables. The recursion levels are set at different levels based on the software platform. The Basic interpreter's line-oriented execution produces one of the key differences between Basic and other programming languages. Its syntax is. The interface com.sun.star.sheet.Spreadsheets provides a better method to create a new sheet: insertNewByName. Through these, you then have access to the subordinate objects. This example deactivates the cmdNext button in the Dlg dialog with the aid of the model object from cmdNext. brianne howey looks like julia roberts, william bendix height, victorian farm did they really live there, 3 second street harborside plaza 10, harvard soccer team roster, usssa softball home run rules, how to build a human gyroscope, what is rebecca budig doing now, aviator nation 5 stripe sweatpants charcoal, pearland police department directory, cherry blossom festival 2023, copeland cruz tedder, rokus kappa sigma, mycenaean arkadiko bridge, insulte en kirundi,

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